Hooliganism History

Hooliganism is described as disorderly, aggressive, and violent behavior. This phenomena has been recorded during the late 19th century. Hooliganism was on the decline throughout the early and mid 1900's until the 60's where things took a turn for the worse. During the 60's racial tensions were at a all time high throughout the world and new cultures were being formed because of the baby boomers. Soccer stadiums were labeled as great public areas to express their feelings for many to see. Many fights and ritual displays started taking place before and after matches.
These rituals displays and fights often take place by gangs of people called firms. These firms like to mark their territory in the stadium until the mid 80s when firms would spread around their soccer stadium. One of the worst stories of holliganism was in 1985 when a firm of Liverpool fans charged and caused a wall to collapse which resulted in 39 deaths, most Juventus supporters. Now the territories are widely accepted as those who are not involved want to say away from these areas to avoid confrontation.
As crazy as it sounds, hooliganism is a non issue now compared to the 1960s and 1970s. There were often times where leagues tried to pull their teams out of competitions in other countries because of the potential threat that firms had on their fans. It does not matter what country you are in Europe, it happens everywhere in Europe.
Many different laws have been created to help prevent disasters such as the one that happened 1985. In 1986, the Public Order Act was created to ban supporters from the grounds of opposing teams. In the Football Spectators Act 1989 states that convicted hooligans from attending international matches. The Football Offences Act of 1991 created special laws against throwing anything onto the field. Those who participated in racist chanting or indecent behavior such as running out onto the field were unlawful acts.  The Football Disorder Act was created in 2000 to abolish the distinction between domestic and international bans. If you were banned then you were banned everywhere. The newest law that was put into place was the Offensive Behaviour at Football and Threatening Communications Act 2012 in Scotland. This is to eliminate religious, racial and other forms of hatred against an opposing fan or team.
Since these laws have been put into place, hooliganism has been on the decline but still presents a problem. In years to come, we can only hope that more will be done to eliminate these dreadful acts against other for no good reason.